Bulgaria
The gypsies, dispersed throughout Europe, have had impacts in many a place. Here, we shall be bringing Bulgaria into focus, and see how the gypsies have had an effect in the area.
(i) Second hand clothing
Before 1980, the city Roma craftsmanship consisted of blacksmiths, chimney-cleaners and specialists in repairing lead and non-ferrous metals articles. One typical Gypsy profession, however, is today totally forgotten: old Gypsy men were almost the only in the country purchasers of second hand clothing, they wandering around towns' better off neighborhoods on weekend mornings, shouting “Old Cloths ‘Buying”. In those years the second hand clothing exchange was functioning only among relatives; in Bulgaria, almost everywhere, they used to exchange baby and kids' dress. The very old clothing, however, was in demand among Gypsies only; no one would give cash for that in the 70's and the 80's for such clothing in those years of the last century. In the 1990's, selling second hand clothing had become a formalized and even international business.
(ii) Cooperative agriculture
Gypsies were welcome seasonal workforce. The eagerness of cooperative farms to hire them was motivated by the chronic shortage of farm workers, especially because “brigades” of pupils and students were creating more mess that value added in the fields and gardens. There was no discrimination: the day pay was equal to the normal one, the difference between urban “brigadiers” and the Roma was that the latter could work and actually worked hard, to support the family.
Before 1980, the city Roma craftsmanship consisted of blacksmiths, chimney-cleaners and specialists in repairing lead and non-ferrous metals articles. One typical Gypsy profession, however, is today totally forgotten: old Gypsy men were almost the only in the country purchasers of second hand clothing, they wandering around towns' better off neighborhoods on weekend mornings, shouting “Old Cloths ‘Buying”. In those years the second hand clothing exchange was functioning only among relatives; in Bulgaria, almost everywhere, they used to exchange baby and kids' dress. The very old clothing, however, was in demand among Gypsies only; no one would give cash for that in the 70's and the 80's for such clothing in those years of the last century. In the 1990's, selling second hand clothing had become a formalized and even international business.
(ii) Cooperative agriculture
Gypsies were welcome seasonal workforce. The eagerness of cooperative farms to hire them was motivated by the chronic shortage of farm workers, especially because “brigades” of pupils and students were creating more mess that value added in the fields and gardens. There was no discrimination: the day pay was equal to the normal one, the difference between urban “brigadiers” and the Roma was that the latter could work and actually worked hard, to support the family.
Bringing in the sheathes!
(iii) Contributing to prosperity
1. Exploring and developing a market for goods and services for which even an attempt by the majority representative would have been punishable or morally condemned but which allowed Gypsies help others in receiving what they wanted;
2. Being an intermediary or an entrepreneur was a crime during the Communism, Gypsies obviously managed to counteract the ban and serve the consumer surplus of many individuals, whose rights as customers were systematically oppressed by the government
(iv) Copyrights promoters in spirits
Production of fake alcoholic beverages by mostly Gypsy vendors has had at least three positive impacts:
1.They dismantled and eventually expropriated the state monopoly on the production of fake alcohol , which existed for years undisturbed and flourishing as part of the centrally planned “ wine - proms
2. Hard spirit and wine lovers with relatively low purchasing power had the opportunity to tastes they could not afford otherwise ;
3. The fake production had eventually forced formal “vinproms” implement quality controls systems, consumer information, apply brand controls and rationalize production and marketing
4, The gypsies produced alcohol and spirits at a quality comparable or even better than state produced alcohol and at a lower cost
1. Exploring and developing a market for goods and services for which even an attempt by the majority representative would have been punishable or morally condemned but which allowed Gypsies help others in receiving what they wanted;
2. Being an intermediary or an entrepreneur was a crime during the Communism, Gypsies obviously managed to counteract the ban and serve the consumer surplus of many individuals, whose rights as customers were systematically oppressed by the government
(iv) Copyrights promoters in spirits
Production of fake alcoholic beverages by mostly Gypsy vendors has had at least three positive impacts:
1.They dismantled and eventually expropriated the state monopoly on the production of fake alcohol , which existed for years undisturbed and flourishing as part of the centrally planned “ wine - proms
2. Hard spirit and wine lovers with relatively low purchasing power had the opportunity to tastes they could not afford otherwise ;
3. The fake production had eventually forced formal “vinproms” implement quality controls systems, consumer information, apply brand controls and rationalize production and marketing
4, The gypsies produced alcohol and spirits at a quality comparable or even better than state produced alcohol and at a lower cost
(v) The positive roles of the gypsies
With "Gypsy ” crafts , they produce knifes , axes and other metal instruments. The raw material inputs are basically collected entirely from the garbage litter. It takes time to do this job and it is far from pleasant but the unemployment is high, the labor cost is very low and often craftsmen have the family and friends taking care of the supplies.
With "Gypsy ” crafts , they produce knifes , axes and other metal instruments. The raw material inputs are basically collected entirely from the garbage litter. It takes time to do this job and it is far from pleasant but the unemployment is high, the labor cost is very low and often craftsmen have the family and friends taking care of the supplies.